MAIN
PROJECTS OF LAND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
- Small-Scale
Water Resources Development Project
- Farm
Ponds Development Project
- Land
Development on High Land Community Project
- Coastal
Resources Management Project
- Saline
Soil Development Project (Phase 2)
- Tung
Kula Rong Hai Development Project (Phase 4)
- Soil
and Fertilizer Management Project
- Acid
Soil Development Project
- Royal
Development and Usage of Vetiver Grass Project
- Land
Use Planning for Watershed Management Project
- Study
on Biodiversity Project
- Soil
Survey, Analysis, Classification for Land Use Planning Project
- Soil
and Water Conservation Project
- High
Land Development Project
- Extension
and Public Relation on Soil and Water Conservation Project
- Land
Development Research Project
- Royal
Land Development Project
- Eastern
Soil and Water Conservation Project
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1.
Small-Scale Water Resources Development Project
Small-scale water resources are established with water distribution
system for cultivated areas all over the country.
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Objectives:
- To make water conservation outside the irrigation area more effective
while keeping the soil moisture. Farmers will have sufficient water for
utility and agriculture.
- To make the best use of agricultural land by effective management of
land and water resources for higher productivity through self-reliance.
Operation sites:
The rainfed area all over the country
Scope of work:
- Make a survey, structural design, and built 1,500 small- scale water
resources.
- Develop 125 locations of agricultural land
at the total of 250,000 rai to be supplied with these water resources.
- Inform the farmers the right way to use water
for agriculture and make it implementable for their living.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
7,212.12 million baht
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Objectives:
- To supply enough water both for agriculture
and for utility in the dry season.
- To conserve soil and water as well as helping
reduce soil erosion.
- To increase income of the farmers and make
a better living standard.
Operation sites:
All over the country
Scope of work:
Arrange to build 1,260 cu.m capacity ponds at252,200
locations all over the country. The selected sites have to be in the land
development villages and the one having water shortages, where it is could
accommodate 5-15 ponds in each area. Construction will be done by private
contraction.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
5,040 million baht.
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3.
Land Development on Highland Community Project (Phase 2)
There are total highland area of 96.1 million
rai spreading over different parts of Thailand. Natural resources and environment
in the form of watershed forest in these area are mostly destroyed. The
target area must be identified and planned for development and conservation.
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Objectives:
- Adequate land use zoning is needed to conserve
the environment and natural resources.
- To establish soil and water conservation system,
including small waterways and check dams on the agricultural land.
Operation sites:
Highland area in 34 provinces (14 northern,5
central, and 15 southern )
Scope of work:
1. Make a feasibility plan on 14 southern provinces.
2. Develop highland area in the 14 northern,
5 central, and 15 southern provinces by
-classify and segregate agricultural and residential
area from the forest land which come up to 408,000 rai for usage.
-make a land use planning of 408,000 rai for
agriculture.
-establish soil and water conservation system
on 36,000 rai.
-plant economic crops on 75,000 rai.
-procurement for140 ton of cover crops seed
and 50 million stalk of vetiver grass
-training and extension services
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997- 2001)
872.61 million baht
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4.
Coastal Resources Management Project
Bio-diversity in the coastal land area is the most
important resources for economy, society, nature, and environment. Careful
management of coastal resource is necessary to keep ecological balance and
make the effective use of natural resources.
Objectives:
- To indicate the distinct scope of coastal
land management.
- To make sure that the coastal land is used
to its full potential and study its impact on other resources.
- Having a planning scheme on the management
of coastal land all over the country. Set the priority of the problems
to be solved and the implementation steps.
Operation sites:
Scope of work:
- Establish the region of coastal land and
area for marine shrimp aquaculture in 25 provinces, set up an information
system on coastal resources.
- Arrange for the coastal resources management
master plan for 9 provinces (province level) and potential land use
plan for 15 provinces and 75 districts (district level).
- Follow up and report on the changes in the
use of coastal land in 24 provinces (except Bangkok).
- Set up 5 projects of specific coastal land
development.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
104.55 million baht
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5.
Saline Soil Development Project (Phase 2)
The problem of saline soil is increasingly severe
causing the loss of the farmers' income and fertile land. There are several
factors contributing to this widespread of soil salinity, e.g., salt farming,
building reservoir on saline area, deforestation on saline slope land.
In the northeastern part of Thailand there are a total of 17.8 million
rai of saline soil spreading over 17 provinces. They are classified as
12.6 million rai of low saline soil, 3.7 million rai of moderate saline
soil, 1.5 million rai of extreme saline soil, as well as another 19.4 million
rai of potential spreading saline soil. Development to increase agricultural
productivity will be made on low and moderate saline soil while demonstration
farming will be set as a model on extreme saline soil type. As for the
potential spreading area information will be provided to prevent its further
widespreading.
Objectives:
- To increase the farmers' income in the low
and moderate saline soil area.
- To prevent the further widespread of saline
soil.
- To improve the saline soil for cultivation.
- Maintain the environmental balance in the saline
soil area.
Operation sites:
Saline soil area in the northeastern part of
Thailand
Scope of work:
5 million rai of
target area of low and moderate saline soil
- Set up 30,000 rai of demonstration paddy field model.
- Promote cultivation of soil improvement plants (African sesbania )
on 36,000 rai.
- Improve soil fertility to increase rice production in 900,000 rai.
- Produce 1,980 ton of soil improvement seeds (African sesbania) and
purchase another 7,000 ton of the same kind of seeds.
- Increase the improvement of saline soil area to 300,000 rai.
50,000 rai of target area of extreme saline soil
- Demonstrate cultivation of salt-tolerant plants on 4,000 rai.
- Feasibility study, survey, design, and construct water control system
for project of extreme saline soil improvement.
- Continue maintenance of demonstration plot for another year.
Prevention of further widespread of saline soil,
target area 1.25 million rai
- Draw up the map (scale 1:50,000) for 2,500,000 rai
to indicate the cultivation area of fruit trees, trees, to prevent
the spread of soil salinity.
- Demonstrate reforestation to prevent spreading
of saline soil on 3,000 rai.
- Plant 9,600,000 bags of salt tolerant grass
, and plant 500,000 seedling of salt tolerant tree.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
1,863.13 million baht
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6.
Tung Kula Rong Hai Development Project(Phase 4)
Tung Kula Rong Hai is considered to be one of
the most unproductive area in Thailand. The total area of 2.1 million rai
covers 5 provinces in the northeast: Roi-et, Surin, Sri Saket, Maha Sarakam,
and Yasothon. Some parts of the area are sandy, some are saline soil while
the other are acid sulfate soil. Water supply is out of control, too little
in the early cultivation time but flooded at the end of the season. Drought
occupies the area in the dry season. Soil and water conservation, and irrigation
system have been set up in the area for paddy rice improvement which cover
488,528 rai. The system helps increasing yield, The alternative production
of mixed field crops and fruit trees is feasible. The program has to be
extended to cover the whole area.
Objectives:
Land resource development is proceeded to increase
the productive potential while soil quality is improved to attain better
crop yield.
Operation sites:
5 provinces in the northeast : Roi-et, Surin,
Sri Saket, Maha Salakam, and Yasothon, covering area of 2.1 million rai.
Scope of work:
- Demonstration of land development at 1,000
rai per year which amounts to 5,000 rai in 5 years.
- Survey, design, and construction of soil and
water
- conservation–irrigation system will be performed
to improve 400,000 rai of paddy field.
- Shallow ponds will be built at the total of
1,000 ponds in 5 years.
- Training program for farmers is included.
Budget and duration:
1,048.28 million baht.
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7.
Soil and Fertilizer Management Project
According to the survey made all over the country,
3.0 million rai of landis misused while 191 million rai is unfertilized
soil with low organic matters. Soil development is urgently needed to improve
the agricultural productive land. However, farmers do not have proper techniques
or knowledge to select and cultivate appropriate plants for the soil types.
Type of soil itself could also contribute to the problem. Soil in some
southern part is peat soil and acidity caused by the sea water. This soil
cannot be used for cultivation and need proper management.
Objectives:
The misuse of land could be solved by providing
the correct information on how to select suitable plants for the specific
type of land as well as effective use of fertilizer. Simple management
procedure is needed to help farmers increase their productivity and enable
self-operation.
Farmers should know how to improve the soil
with organic materials like decomposed fertilizer or chopped plants or
green manure.
To find the suitable crops for cultivation
and feasible use of fertilizer.
Improve the quality of acid soil and saline
soil for cultivation.
Operation sites:
General information on soil development is provided
all over the country. Emphasis is made at specific target areas.
Scope of work:
1. Land use according to its potential
- Mapping of land use in accordance with its
potential at district level using the scale of 1:25,000 for 35 districts.
- Set up demonstration of effective farm management
in 35 districts 1,050 rai.
- Training 5,250 farmer leaders and governmental
personnel.
- Public relation and extension at 35 districts.
2. Improvement of soil with organic matters
- Construction 12 warehouses for seeds of green
manure plants.
- Produce and supply 20,900 ton of seeds.Supply
1,300,000 sets of catalyst for making decomposed fertilizer.
- Demonstrate/promote the use of green manure
85,000 /4,050,000 rai.
- Demonstrate/promote production of decomposed
fertilizer 47,000/1,175,000 ton.
3. Academic development on soil and fertilizer
- Give land-management advice at the village
level on grouping of soil for 19,560 villages.
- Give land-management advice at individual farm
level land development unit for 3,240 villages.
- Give soil analysis services in the field andprovide
land management advice to farmers using soil analysis mobile unit for 282,000
samples.
- Detail soil analysis, using advanced technical
apparatus and advice (laboratory) 50,000 samples.
- Training 65,000 volunteer soil doctors and
retired substitute soil doctors, and distribute 65,000 copies of protocol
booklets.
- Set up 12 soil analysis laboratories.
4. Acid soil and saline soil development in
the south.
- Soil survey, planning management zone of acid
and saline soil at 10 provinces.
- Survey, design for construction of water controller
system for 14 sites.
- Set up 11,200 rai of acid soil development
for demonstration.
- Provide soil improvement materials and seeds
for 250,000 rai
- Supply rice seeds and fruit tree stalks for
demonstration 200 ton/240,000 stalks.
- Public relation and extension on the above
subjects at 14 provinces.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
2,363.74 million baht
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8.
Acid Soil Development Project
| There are 5.5 million rai of acid soil in 20
provinces of central and eastern Thailand. Almost half of this land is
considered extremely acid and unfertile. |
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In 1975, Land Development Department has launched
a program to help improving these acid soil. 900,000 cu.m of marl lime is
distributed to 27,000 farmers to use on 733,335 rai of acid soil area. Rice
yield was increased from 10 to 15-20 tung/rai which contributed to the increase
of income in the average of 600-800 baht/rai. However, there is 1.5 million
rai more of acid soil to be developed. A 5-year plan to provide enough marl
lime is needed.
Objectives:
Acid soil development program through procedure
demonstration, advice, and promotion is established. The aim is to increase
not only the crop yield but also the possibility of using the land for
agriculture.
Operation sites:
The project will be established at the 19 following
provinces : Angthong, Suphan Buri, Nakhon Pathom, Nonthaburi, Samut
Sakhon, Petchaburi, Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Pathum Thani, Ayutthaya,
Saraburi,Nakhon Nayok, Prachin Buri, Samut Prakarn, Chon Buri, Chachoengsao,
Rayong, Trad.
Scope of work:
- To improve 775,000 rai of acid soil for
crop production by supplying 775,000 cu.m of marl lime.
- Construction of water controller system
for 5,000 rai .
- Mapping on acid soil (1:50,000) for 12
provinces.
- Feasibility study of changing rice paddy
to fruit production in 8 provinces.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
447 million baht
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9.
Royal Development and Usage of Vetiver Grass Project
As much as 134 million rai of land all over the country
is severely eroded. His Majesty the King has realized this great problem and
suggested the use of vetiver grass to help soil and water conservation. This
type of grass could be easily cultivated by farmers. It needs no complicate
technology to maintain and very economic to use. Land Development Department
has collected and distributed the information on vetiver grass researches
to farmers and governmental personnel. Strains of vetiver grass are selected
and propagated for farmers and working units to use.
Objectives:
To conserve water and land from soil erosion
as well as maintain the balance of environment according to His Majesty
the King's suggestion.
Operation sites:
Scope of work:
- Researches on selecting the appropriate strains
of vetiver grass to grow at different parts of the country.
- 1,500 million stalks of vetiver grass are produced
and distributed to the farmers to grow at the target areas.
- Training and information on the use of vetiver
grass are given to 1,600 governmental personnel as well as 24,000 volunteer
soil doctors.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
2,487.68 million baht
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10.
Land Use Planning for Watershed Management Project
To make the economic growth balance with ecosystem
and environment, land use planning for watershed management is absolutely
necessary. It would be a guideline to indicate the boundary of effective
land use.
Objectives:
To make an effective land use in the watershed
area.
To become a guideline to specify the suitable
land use type in the watershed.
To be a reference for administration and management
policy of watershed area.
Operation sites:
132 sub watersheds
Scope of work:
- Land use planning at the level of sub-watershed
for 132 area.
- Specify the suitable land use types of sub-watershed
for 84 area.
Budget and duration:
4 years (1998-2001)
332.8 million baht
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11.
Study on Biodiversity Project
There are several wetland area in Thailand left unprotected
by law, thereby, being damaged by community settlement and other development
activities. Conservation of these wetland resources is urgently needed to
keep its natural ecosystem and maintain its biodiversity. Land Development
Department has set a program to make a survey, a list of wet land locations
and their conditions in Thailand. It will be used as a basic information for
policy making, conservation planning and stimulating the people's awareness
of the importance of these resources.
Objectives:
- To study and classify the structure and
properties of wetlands, set up database for planning the conservation
management and sustainable use of natural resources.
- To extend the studied result to the neighboring
countries for setting up the policy of managing and protecting the
regional wetland.
Operation sites:
76 provinces of wetland areas, a total of 95.6
million rai
Scope of work:
- Classify the types of wetland areas in 76 provinces,
for the total area of 95.9 million rai.
- Mapping of these classified wetland area at
the scale of 1:250,000 together with a report.
Budget and duration:
3 years (1998-2001)
14.07 million baht
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12.
Soil Survey, Analysis, Classification for Land Use Planning Project
The problem of ineffective use of agricultural
land needs to be solved. This project will serve as an effective guideline
for land use planning and policy.
Objectives:
- To make thematic maps of soil, land suitability,
land classification, existing land use.
- To collect data on land economic by soil group.
- To make the land use planning maps specifying
suitability of land use types and management.
Operation sites:
All over the country
Scope of work:
- Make a soil survey at semi-detailed district
level and draw soil maps at the scale of 1:25,000. Thereby, the soil maps
at province level with the scale of 1:50,000 are drawn to use as research
references.
- Detailed survey at village level is made for mapping
of topographic, soil, land suitability at the scale of 1:5,000 for
village development at the rate of 0.6 million rai per year for
the total of 3 million rai in 5 years.
- Planning for land resource development at province
level, phase 1-2 for 76 provinces.
- Indicate the forest boundary, investigate the
project area as well as classify the type of land for 75 provinces.
- Establish 13 Soil Museum.
- Mapping and report.
Operation sites:
All over the country
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
3,810 million baht
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13.
Soil and Water Conservation Project
The deterioration of land resources is increasingly
severe mainly from the misuse and mismanagement of land. Soil erosion at
moderate and extreme levels are commonly found which result in the
accumulation of sediment and silt in the water resources. The cultivated
land loses its fertility which leads to low production and low income.
Soil and water conservation project is urgently needed to restore natural
resources from further erosion damages.
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Objectives:
To demonstrate and provide information to
land users and farmers on how to make the best use of land and water, as
well as how to revitalize the unfertile soil.
Operation sites:
Scope of work:
- Demonstration and experimentation on soil and
water conservation for the area of 360,000 rai
- Arrange to have an infrastructure for soil
and water conservation system, i.e., terraces, diversions, farm roads,
farm ponds, for the area of 1,500,000 rai.
- Procurement of 3,400 ton of seeds for soil
and water conservation.
- Training and extension on soil and water
conservation for 2,256,000 governmental personnel and farmers.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
6,795.6 million baht
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14.
Highland Development Project
Royal Development Project for the hilltribes has
been established to help reducing the damage of northern natural resources.
Several semi-temperate economic plants are introduced to substitute the poppy
farms that were the main income of the hilltribes. The Royal Project is operated
in 5 northern provinces: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lumphun, Mae Hong Son, Payao.
It also includes 294 villages of 73,425 highland and low land people. Land
Development Department has joined the Royal Project to develop these resources.
Objectives:
Operation sites:
5 northern provinces: Chiang Mai, Chiang
Rai, Lumphun, Mae Hong Son, Payao.
Scope of work:
- Lay out and plan for 25 agriculture development
projects on 37,500 rai.
- Land development and soil and water conservation
system for the area of 37,500 rai.
- Construction of 96 irrigation system and
325 km. of farm roads into the project area.
- Mapping the Royal Project area for soil
and water conservation system using GIS, covering the area of 5,000
rai.
- Develop and advocate the use of vetiver
grass in the Royal Development Project area of 37,500 rai.
- Procurement of 260 ton of seeds for highland
development.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
429.85 million baht
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15.
Extension and Public Relation on Land Development Project
To make the farmers well aware of the importance
of soil and water conservation, an positive approach to disseminate information
on how to use the land properly and the return benefit in the long run
must be clearly demonstrated.
Objectives:
An effective approach to disseminate information
and the functions of the Land Development Departmenton soil and water
conservation to be widely known to the public.
Operation sites:
Scope of work:
- Master plan for positive public relation approach
is planned. Implementation plan is also laid.
- Scopes and procedures of extension and public
relation on the following subjects:
- land use zone, land misuse and the right approach
- publication in forms of posters and journals
- model of land remodeling (paddy field)
- model of land development village
- dissemination through local mass media
- broadcasting, radio program, video tapes, documentary
program, newspaper, as well as private public relations
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
248.77 million baht
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16.
Land Development Researches Project
Research work in Land Development Department cover
the topics on soil and water conservation, watershed management, soil improvement,
soil survey and analysis, land use planning, socio-economic and evaluation,
as well as research experiment for land development. These projects are distributed
to several development programs and narrowed down to each specific problem.
It is, therefore, more effective and systematic to put them all under one
main topic of "Research for land development" whereby emphasis will be made
on land resource improvement and land management information of soil types
suitable for each location.
Objectives:
Result of research on land management could
be effectively implemented and reach the end users. Sustainable agriculture
development is emphasized. Farmers have various alternatives to select
according to suitable soil types.
Operation sites:
Scope of work:
- 625 projects on land development
- 230 projects on soil and water conservation
- 85 projects on watershed management
- 120 projects on soil improvement
- 145 projects on organic material and waste
- 165 projects on improvement of saline soil
- 155 projects on acid and organic soil improvement
- 270 projects on soil survey, analysis, land
use planning and evaluation
- 100 projects on Royal Projects
- 120 projects on vetiver grass research
The total of 2,015 projects.
- Research record and report are written, as
well as report on land management of 62 groups of soil.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
446.7 million baht
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17.
Royal Land Development Projects
Operation sites:
19 provinces : Prachin Buri, Petchabun, Buri
Rum,Mae Hong Son, Yala, Prachuap Kiri Khan, Chachoengsao, Rayong, Chon
buri, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ratchaburi, Chanthaburi, Narathiwat, Lumphun,
Chiang Mai, Trad, Chiang Rai, Tak, Nakhon Sri Thammarat.
Scope of work:
Follow the plan procedures and maintain the
Royal Land Development project area by:
- Make a survey, classify, and land use plan
for the area of 164,475 rai and start a new land development area of 15,450
rai.
- Demonstrate and promote soil revitalization
in the area of 50,800 rai and produce 31,500 tons of decomposed fertilizer.
- Establish soil and water conservation system
for the area of 85,400 rai.
- Train 35,990 farmers.
- Maintain the project area of 100,000 rai.
Transfer the results of the research experiments
to the Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
647.32 million baht
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18.
Eastern Soil and Water Conservation Center Project
In 1983, Land Development Department received a funding
support from FAO and later on having a joint project from Japan (JICA) to
alleviate the problem of Eastern soil erosion. It is, therefore, necessary
to lay a clear and concise plan on soil and water conservation specifically
for eastern land area. The plan has to be feasible and acceptable to use by
the farmers. Training and transferring of technologies on soil and water conservation
to the government personnel and eastern farmers are included.
Objectives:
- To find an appropriate procedure to conserve
soil and water using a pilot project together with the analysis
of research data.
- To be the center of soil and water conservation
whereby training and transferring of technologies on soil and water
conservation to government personnel and farmers are provided.
Operation sites:
At the following eastern provinces: Chon Buri,
Chachoengsao, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Prachin Buri, Sa Kaeo, Trad.
Scope of work:
Phase 1: 1992-1998
Pilot projects are established in 16 locations.
Researches on soil moisture, soil tillage, and farm management are done.
Phase 2: 1999 onwards
Expansion and continuation of the projects in
phase1.
Budget and duration:
5 years (1997-2001)
108.98 million baht
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